Sinus infections are characterized by inflammation and congestion of the nasal cavities, postnasal drip, and discharge from the nose. Nasal polyps are non-cancerous growths on the lining of nasal passages and sinuses which exhibit some of the same symptoms associated with sinus infections. Polyps are formed when mucous membranes in the nasal passages are inflamed and swell, eventually leading to blockage of the nasal passages.

As symptoms of sinus infections and nasal polyps can be very similar, let’s look at the possible connection between the two:

1. Allergies

Allergies, especially an allergy to airborne fungi has been shown to a risk factor in developing nasal polyps. Inflammation of the nasal cavities related to rhinitis caused by hay fever is also an associated risk factor that may cause nasal polyps. Sinus infections can often mimic the symptoms caused by allergies but often have more pain and thick discharge. Nasal polyps, if present, will also be more inflamed due to this.

2. Asthma

Asthma is one of the conditions that may indicate that someone with frequent sinus infections may also have nasal polyps. Symptoms of nasal polyps can be more severe than those of sinus infections and conditions that cause inflammation, such as asthma, are often indicative that nasal polyps are the cause of sinus infections.

3. Chronic sinus infections

Chronic sinus infections are defined by an infection lasting longer than 12 weeks despite treatment. If your sinus infections are chronic, this may be a sign that there is an issue with the physical structure of your nose, such as the presence of nasal polyps. As noted above, some allergies can cause chronic sinus infections.

4. Frequent headaches and eye pain

As nasal polyps progress and grow larger in size, the physical effect can be manifested in pain and headaches. Like a sinus infection, this is caused by inflammation of the tissues and physical structures in the nose which causes pain in surrounding areas. As either polyps or a sinus infection progresses and this pain goes unresolved, it’s important to seek medical attention due to the danger of infection spreading to more internal organs potentially causing more serious conditions such as meningitis or sleep apnea.

5. Reduced sense of smell

As with asthma, a reduced sense of smell can be a signal that sinus infections are linked to nasal polyps. When polyps are present, there is increased inflammation as well as a structural blockage. This has an effect on the physical and neurological responses of the olfactory nerves due to sensors on the tissue being blocked.

Distinguishing the cause and effect of sinus infections and nasal polyps is best done with a medical professional examining and considering all associated symptoms. If you are experiencing symptoms that are unresolved with home treatments, it is advisable to seek medical attention for a comprehensive evaluation and treatment.