While it is not common for women under 40 to develop breast cancer, it is known to happen. Sometimes the naturally-occurring signs of puberty can be confused with the early symptoms of breast cancer in teens. Also, there might benign tumors or breast cysts, which do not develop into cancer. Although this disease is very rare at such as age, it is still good to know the causes, types, and early symptoms of breast cancer in teens as a precaution. Causes of Breast Cancer in Teens According to the American Cancer Society, most childhood cancers, including teenage breast cancer, have little to do with lifestyle and dietary habits. Therefore, the most likely cause of breast cancer in teens is gene mutations that occur early in life, perhaps even in the womb. If you combine these mutations with risk factors for cancer, the chances of a person getting breast cancer can increase. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to the early symptoms of breast cancer in teens. Some of these risk factors include Radiation treatment for other types of cancers Obesity Excessive smoking, drinking, and substance abuse Exposure to second-hand smoke Unhealthy dietary habits that include consuming lots of junk (processed food) Lack of exercise or sedentary lifestyle Taking birth-control tablets that contain estrogen Family history of breast cancer Mutations on the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes Early Symptoms of Breast Cancer in Teens For most teenage girls, any lumps or changes in their breasts can be related to normal development or other conditions like fibroadenoma and cystosarcoma phyllodes, which are benign.

Ovarian cancer develops in the ovaries. One must be cautious of the signs and symptoms. Here is all that you need to know about the signs and treatment options for ovarian cancer.   Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer When ovarian cancer is in the early stages, it rarely causes any symptoms to appear, making it difficult to detect. The symptoms that occur when your ovarian cancer has spread or reached an advanced stage are similar to those found in other non-cancer conditions. This can make you ignore the signs and symptoms of this condition. This is why it is good to know the signs and treatment options for ovarian cancer. You must look consult a doctor when: You have unexplained weight loss You have a strong urge to urinate, and the frequency of urination has increased You feel fuller quicker than before, even though you don’t eat much You feel bloated You feel uncomfortable in your pelvis region You experience changes in your bowel habits You experience pain when you have sex You feel extremely tired, even when you are simply sitting down Your period changes, such as you have heavy bleeding If the above-mentioned symptoms occur quite frequently, this might indicate ovarian cancer.

One of the most common genetic diseases, spinal muscle atrophy causes weakness and deterioration in the muscles of the body. According to research, 95 percent of spinal muscular atrophy is caused by the mutations in the SM1 and SM2 genes, which leads to a shortage of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Due to this inadequacy, the brain cells controlling the spinal cord and related muscles shrink and die, causing spinal muscle atrophy. “How to manage spinal muscle atrophy?” is a question that often comes up as this condition can cause a severe deterioration in the quality of life. There are several methods to manage spinal muscle atrophy, including Physical Therapy Physical and occupational therapy is one of the first things that spring to mind when asked, ‘how to manage spinal muscle atrophy?’ According to physicians, it is important for a person diagnosed with spinal muscle atrophy to do as much physical activity as possible without tiring themselves to maintain good physical and mental health. With a condition like spinal muscle atrophy, it becomes necessary to preserve the flexibility of joints, range of motion in muscles, allow proper blood circulation, and prevent joint injury or stiffness. Swimming in a warm pool, under supervision, is also a prescribed physical therapy for patients.

Staging is a process of measuring how far the cancer has spread in the body using several diagnostic tests. After the staging process, the doctors can determine which treatment to use to manage the cancer. The stages of prostate cancer can be either of the clinical or the pathological type. In the clinical stages, the MRI scans, CT scans, X-rays, etc., are used to determine the extent of cancer. This information is represented by the Gleason score. Pathological staging is dependent on the information found during the lab tests conducted on prostate tissue removed during surgery. Stages of prostate cancer based on Gleason grades The Gleason grading system is based on how the cancerous cells look under the microscope when compared to healthy tissue and their arrangement in the prostate. The score is allotted as follows: Grade 1 The cancerous cells in this grade look very similar to the regular cells of the prostate. The glands are closely-packed together, look small and well-formed. Grade 2 While the glands are still well-formed, there is more tissue between them, and they look larger. Grade 3 The tissue cells look normal and have well-formed glands. However, the cells begin to grow darker. On magnifying, it can be seen that some cells are leaving the glands and are spreading to nearby tissue.

Hepatitis C is a contagious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus. It is estimated that around 2.4 million individuals in the country are living with this virus. This disease can be acute or chronic, and in severe cases, cause liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and even cancer. Acute infections are short-term and last only up to 6 months, and if these infections last a long time in the body, they become chronic. It is necessary to understand the signs and treatment options of Hepatitis C to catch and cure the disease at its earliest. Given below are some of the common signs and treatment options of Hepatitis C: Acute Hepatitis C –  Signs and Symptoms Acute Hepatitis C is often called the silent epidemic due to its lack of symptoms. Even if the symptoms develop, they are so often mistaken for other viral infections that it is hard to get a diagnosis. The symptoms, if any, usually show up after 2 to 12 weeks of infection. These symptoms can include Fever Unexplained fatigue Pain in the abdomen Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Pain in the joints Clay-colored stools Dark-colored urine Jaundice (rare) Chronic Hepatitis C – Signs and Symptoms  If the acute Hepatitis C persists in the body for longer periods, it transforms into the chronic version of this disease.